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Solar cell thin film analysers are used to facilitate research and development (R&D) into novel photovoltaic architectures by monitoring the...

Successful engineering of a thin film structure through semi-modern manufacturing techniques was first reported as early as the 1800s. Oil-sealed...

Fermenters are used to accelerate the metabolic reactions within heterogeneous systems and promote population growth of desirable fungi and...

Ultra-high vacuum temperature desorption (UHV-TPD) or thermal desorption spectroscopy (UHV-TDS) studies are performed to observe and quantify the...

Quadrupole mass spectrometry is used extensively in the electronics sector to assess the functionality of surface materials and the performance of...

In materials science, a surface interface refers to the boundary region between air or a vacuum and physical media. The atomic composition and...

Surface engineering refers to a branch of materials science with an enormous range of applications and methodologies – many of which have been...

Structures with length scales numbered in a quantity of atoms from roughly 1 – 100 nanometres (nm), or below the mesoscopic scale, are characterized...

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of pharmaceutical products is used to plot sample mass changes due to incremental increases in temperature. It is a...